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A physician, medical practitioner or medical doctor practices medicine, and is concerned with maintaining or restoring human health through the study, diagnosis, and treatment of disease and injury. This is accomplished through a detailed
knowledge of anatomy, physiology, diseases and treatment -- the science of medicine -- and its applied practice -- the art or craft of medicine. A hospital is an institution for health care providing patient treatment by specialised staff and
equipment, and often but not always providing for longer-term patient stays. Today, hospitals are usually funded by the state, health organizations (for profit or non-profit), health insurances or charities, including direct charitable donations. In
history, however, they were often founded and funded by religious orders or charitable individuals and leaders. Similarly, modern-day hospitals are largely staffed by professional physicians, surgeons and nurses, whereas in history, this work was usually
done by the founding religious orders or by volunteers.
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